Trophic level decoupling drives future changes in phytoplankton bloom phenology

Climate change can drive shifts in the seasonality of marine productivity, with consequences for food web. However, these alterations phytoplankton bloom phenology (initiation and peak timing), underlying drivers, are not well understood. Here, using a 30-member Large Ensemble climate projections, we show earlier initiation most ocean regions, yet changes timing vary widely by region. Shifts both induced subtle decoupling between altered growth zooplankton predation, increased predation (top-down control) playing an important role over much global ocean. Only limited regions is light limitation primary control changes. In extratropics, climate-change-induced phenological will exceed background natural variability end twenty-first century, which may impact energy flow webs. The authors future oceans, while century.